PAYE, or Pay As You Earn, is HMRC's system for collecting income tax and National Insurance from employees' earnings through their employers. Understanding how PAYE works is essential to ensure compliance and avoid penalties for your business.
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PAYE deducts tax and National Insurance automatically from employees' salaries before payment. Employers use tax codes from HMRC to calculate deductions, then report and pay HMRC regularly.
The system spreads tax collection evenly across the year. You must use approved payroll software or HMRC tools to submit accurate returns on time, typically monthly or quarterly.
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As an employer, you have specific responsibilities under PAYE to ensure legal compliance. Here are the key obligations you need to manage:
Register as an employer with HMRC before your first payday to avoid penalties.
Obtain correct tax codes for all employees from HMRC and update them as needed.
Calculate income tax and National Insurance contributions accurately each pay period.
Deduct student loan repayments if applicable, based on employee information provided.
Report payroll details to HMRC in real-time using Full Payment Submission (FPS).
Pay HMRC the tax and NI deducted, usually by the 22nd of each month following the pay period.
Provide employees with payslips showing gross pay, deductions, and net pay for transparency.
Issue P60 forms to employees at the end of each tax year summarizing their earnings and deductions.
Report expenses and benefits through P11D forms if you provide them to employees.
Keep accurate payroll records for at least three years for potential HMRC inspections.
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PAYE errors can lead to HMRC penalties and disrupt your business. Common mistakes include applying incorrect tax codes, submitting late returns, or miscalculating National Insurance. Not staying updated with tax changes increases risk.
Using automated payroll systems can reduce errors and save time. If your payroll is complex or you're unsure, professional advice ensures compliance. Our team at Business Accounting and Tax Limited is available to help you manage PAYE efficiently, with support outside normal hours.
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